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Laboni, Nepal We believe everyone, everywhere has the right to a life free from slavery. Over 10, were identified as potential victims by the authorities in the UK in Join us for freedom Everyone, everywhere, should have the freedom to make safe, dignified choices about their lives. Join us to deliver freedom. Find out more. Under this form of slavery, victims are forced to work to pay off a debt.
Often the debts continue to pile up, even if the whole family toils for 10 hours a day at the brickworks, or in their owner's quarries, fields or mines. Often the debts are also inherited by children. The ILO estimates there are around 30 million people working as debt slaves, most of them in India and Pakistan. Illegal migrants are especially vulnerable to exploitation, regardless of where in the world they are.
They often have nowhere to claim rights, usually cannot speak the local language, and don't know where they can turn for help. It's not clear how many illegal migrants work in agriculture in Europe alone. But many live in abysmal conditions as they slave away for well below the minimum wage.
The descendants of African slaves in Mauritania are called "Haratin. An estimated , women, men and children in Mauritania are currently exploited as domestic workers or in the agriculture sector.
That's one-fifth of the population. DW: What's the difference between the traditional forms of slavery we saw in the 19th century and now the modern forms of slavery?
Jakub Sobik: I think the biggest difference is that slavery, understood historically, is about people literally owning other people. While these forms of slavery still exist in places for example, in West Africa , modern slavery is about exploiting people, about trapping them for labor or for some kind of service such as sexual exploitation. There are always people who are more vulnerable than others: people who are in poverty, people who are discriminated against and people who are not protected very well by law.
For example, in India, a group of Dalits — who are essentially a lower caste — they don't enjoy any rights. They are discriminated against. They don't have many opportunities for good jobs and they're not protected by law because that caste is seen as a lesser one.
Hundreds of thousands of Dalit people are being exploited in the brick industry — in brick factories across India — and in other industries too.
It happens often through debt bondage and other forms of exploitation. Debt bondage is very prevalent in Asia, I read that more than 30 million people are counted as part of debt bondage there. What is the situation? Yes, debt bondage is quite widespread across Southeast Asia. In terms of bonded labor, a whole generation of people, whole families can be indebted to someone for generations.
Inevitably they lose control over that debt. The employer keeps control over the debt, adds interest on top of that all the time and they're trapped in this cycle of exploitation that they're unable to get out of.
Even though in India debt bondage and bonded labor is outlawed, the law is not implemented. We see that all the time when people especially those from castes that are discriminated against, such as Dalits go to the police, they're simply not being listened to.
Debt is probably the most common way of entrapping people in these kind of exploitative situations. We see that in trafficking, when someone wants a job and goes abroad to find a job, they have to pay for travel and recruitment costs.
Often, they have to borrow this money from the traffickers. In this way, the traffickers have gained control over these vulnerable people and they can exploit them at the destination.
International Labour Organization figures say that about 30 million people are entrapped in modern forms of slavery in Asia and 9 million in African countries. Many victims say they were tricked by brokers who promised them factory jobs, and then put them on fishing boats where they were forced to work. One Burmese man who escaped his traffickers said he was forced on to a tiny boat in the open sea where he fished 20 hours a day, with no pay.
Forced to fish: Slavery on Thailand's trawlers. Figures suggest there could be between 10, and 13, victims of slavery in the UK, trafficked from countries including Albania, Nigeria, Vietnam and Romania. About 3, children from Vietnam alone are thought to be working in British cannabis farms and nail bars.
Many victims are told their families will be hurt if they leave. One victim was 16 years old when he came to the UK, hoping to earn money to send home to his family. Instead, he was forced to work in a cannabis factory. He was arrested when police raided the house, and charged with drug offences - but was eventually helped by the NSPCC child trafficking advice centre. UK slavery: Victims 'need better support'.
The International Labour Organization estimates that there are 4. Shandra Woworuntu, an activist against human trafficking, was forced into sexual slavery in the US in She left Indonesia when she was promised work in the hospitality industry in the US, but the agents who met her at the airport passed her on to armed traffickers, who forced her to carry out sex work.
She eventually managed to escape, and helped the FBI locate a brothel with other trafficking victims. Shandra Woworuntu: My life as a sex-trafficking victim. The report highlights that many children across Europe, Asia, Africa, Latin America and the Middle East are forced to beg on the streets by criminals. One victim told researchers: "Though I am begging I am not paid a single amount.
I have to deposit all to them.
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