We can write a word equation to represent this chemical reaction:. What if you repeat these experiments using a different carbonate, sodium carbonate for example?
From these two experiments we could generalise and say that sodium carbonate will react with an acid to produce a salt, carbon dioxide and water. From all of the above experiments, we could make an even more general statement about the products of a chemical reaction between an acid and a metal carbonate a cabonate :. A metal carbonate reacts with an acid to produce a salt, carbon dioxide and water. You could repeat all of the experiments above using a metal hydrogencarbonate such as sodium hydrogencarbonate.
We can write a general word equation for the reaction between an acid and a metal hydrogencarbonate as shown below:. If you add an acid to a metal carbonate you produce a salt, carbon dioxide and water. If you add an acid to a metal hydrogencarbonate you also produce a salt, carbon dioxide and water. Play the game now! The salt produced when a carbonate or hydrogencarbonate reacts with an acid will be made up of 2 parts:.
The name of the salt is written as two words: 6. So, in general, the name of the salt produced when a metal carbonate or metal hydrogencarbonate reacts with an acid will be either:. Therefore, we can write some general word equations to describe the chemical reaction between a metal carbonate and an acid that produces a salt, carbon dioxide and water:.
Similarly, we can write some general word equations to describe the chemical reaction between a metal hydrogencarbonate and an acid that produces a salt, carbon dioxide and water:. Take the test now! The calcium hydroxide reacts with the carbon dioxide to give insoluble calcium carbonate - that's what causes the cloudiness. If you pass carbon dioxide through lime water for a long time, it first goes milky because of the formation of a precipitate of calcium carbonate, but then the precipitate disappears again giving a colourless solution.
The next bit of video shows this happening. The video is a bit clumsy but is chemically accurate. The calcium carbonate precipitate reacts with more carbon dioxide to form calcium hydrogencarbonate, Ca HCO 3 2. Calcium hydrogencarbonate is soluble in water.
This is the same reaction which produces cave systems in limestone rocks. Limestone is a form of calcium carbonate. Carbon dioxide dissolved in rain water gradually dissolves the rock over very long periods of time. You will find compounds like sodium hydrogencarbonate also called "sodium hydrogen carbonate" separate words or the old name "sodium bicarbonate".
I prefer the name "sodium hydrogencarbonate" because it shows that the hydrogen and carbonate are both part of the same HCO 3 - ion. There are very few solid hydrogencarbonates - the only ones you are likely to meet are sodium and potassium hydrogencarbonates.
Calcium hydrogencarbonate only exists in solution. Simply add a solution of sodium carbonate to the solution and if carbon dioxide gas is given off, the solution is acidic. This type of reaction can also be used to test unknown solutions for the presence of carbonate CO 3 — ions.
Simply add an acid to the solution and if bubbles of carbon dioxide are given off, the solution contains carbonate ions. Reactions with acids Acids and reactive metals Acids will react with reactive metals, such as magnesium and zinc, to make a salt and hydrogen. Acids and metal hydroxides alkalis When acids react with metal hydroxides commonly known as alkalis , a salt and water are made. AQA Combined science: Synergy 4. AQA Combined science: Trilogy 5.
Edexcel Chemistry Topic 3 - Chemical changes Acids 3. Those bases that dissolve in water form alkaline solutions. Investigate whether mass is unchanged when chemical and physical changes take place. Classify substances as elements, compounds, mixtures, metals, non-metals, solids, liquids, gases and solutions. Systems and interactions 7. Investigate the effect of a number of variables on the rate of chemical reactions including the production of common gases and biochemical reactions.
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